Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh
Updated on Aug'2025
Welcome to a hidden gem in India’s wild heart – the Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR)! If your camera thirsts for untamed beauty, iconic wildlife, and landscapes that whisper ancient tales, then prepare for an unforgettable expedition into India’s largest tiger reserve.
Spanning an impressive area, often cited as approximately 3,728 square kilometers (or 3,727.82 sq km), and sometimes as 3,568 sq km, across five districts in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, NSTR is a magnificent wildlife sanctuary nestled in the rugged Nallamala Hills. This sprawling wilderness, characterized by its dense forests, meandering rivers, picturesque hills, plateaus, ridges, gorges, and deep valleys, promises a breathtakingly beautiful backdrop for your photographic endeavors. NSTR achieved Tiger Reserve status in 1983.
Why NSTR is a Photographer's Dream
Every click in NSTR tells a story, from the elusive big cats to the vibrant birdlife and the timeless cultural imprints on the landscape.
The Roaring Canvas: Wildlife Photography
NSTR is famously known for its Royal Bengal Tigers, and the good news for photographers is that their population is on a steady rise! While precise numbers vary across reports, the reserve boasted 40 tigers in 1983, which increased to 94 by 1989. In 2018, there were an estimated 68 tigers, and as of the latest census in 2022, the reserve has recorded 58 tigers within the tiger reserve and 62 tigers utilizing the tiger reserve. Officials are optimistic that the tiger population could surpass 100 by 2025. Scientific monitoring methods, including camera traps, are used to identify individual tigers, with unique IDs documented for each.
Capturing the behavior of these majestic creatures is a highlight. Imagine witnessing a young male Royal Bengal tiger marking its territory near a dam, spraying urine to establish boundaries and communicate with others. Tigers also claw trees and roar to assert their claims. These are the raw, unscripted moments your lens lives for.
One recent poignant story highlights the dedication to conservation within NSTR: the rescue of T132F. This resident tigress of the Atmakur division was spotted in June 2025 with a metal snare tightly wound around her neck, causing a painful injury. Forest staff meticulously mapped her movement using four years of camera trap history and deployed over 90 additional camera traps. Daily foot patrols and nighttime monitoring with thermal drones were conducted to track her. After days of avoiding bait, she was successfully darted while feeding. Remarkably, she had managed to remove the snare herself, but the injury was severe, exposing her throat cavity. A team of expert veterinary surgeons performed critical surgery, and she is now recovering, a testament to the reserve's commitment that "every tiger matters".
It’s also fascinating to observe the natural dispersal of tigers; for instance, three male tigers (T120M, T121M, T125M) and one female (T130F) have migrated from NSTR to the adjoining Amrabad Tiger Reserve in Telangana.
But the reserve offers far more than just tigers. Its rich biodiversity is a paradise for wildlife photography:
Mammals: Keep your camera ready for leopards, sloth bears, wild dogs (dhole), spotted deer (chital), sambar, blackbuck, chinkara, four-horned antelope (chausingha), mouse deer, wild boars, Indian pangolins, and various types of otters. You might even glimpse a wolf or jackal.
Reptiles: The Krishna River, which meanders through the reserve for over 200 kilometers, is home to a good population of Mugger crocodiles, Indian pythons, and various turtle and fish species. Look out for unique species like the Ashwamedh writhing skink, Sharma's mabuya lizards, and Nagarjunsagar racer snake.
Avifauna: Bird enthusiasts will be delighted by over 150 to 350 bird species [previous response], including vibrant ones like the Hoopoe, Brown fish owl, Green-headed barbet, Indian Peafowl, and Great Hornbill. You might even hear the call of a White Rumped Shama, a puff throated Babbler or a common tailorbird.
Remember, wildlife sightings are always a "chance encounter", adding to the thrill of capturing that perfect, unscripted moment in nature's rhythm.
Landscapes and Flora: A Scenic Backdrop
The reserve’s topography is a photographer’s dream, with its undulating terrain, deep valleys, and imposing hills. You can capture breathtaking panoramic views of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam reservoir, especially during a picturesque sunrise or sunset. The diverse forest types, ranging from tropical dry deciduous and moist deciduous forests to unique Hardwickia and southern thorn forests, provide varied textures and backdrops for your shots. Look for prominent trees like Nallamaddi, Chirumanu, Billudu, and Yepi, along with a wide variety of shrubs and bamboo thickets.
Cultural & Historical Tapestry: Beyond Wildlife
NSTR isn’t just about wildlife; it’s steeped in history and culture, offering unique human-interest and architectural photography opportunities:
Ancient Temples: Explore the ancient Srisailam temple, a renowned pilgrimage site dedicated to Lord Shiva, known as Mallikarjuna Swamy, one of the twelve Jyotirlingas. Pilgrims often visit the Sakshi Ganapathi Temple first, where Lord Ganesha is believed to record their visits.
Buddhist Ruins: Discover the awe-inspiring Nagarjuna Konda, an island that houses ancient Buddhist ruins, once the site of many Buddhist universities and monasteries.
Cave Temples: Trek to ancient cave temples like Akka Mahadevi Bhilam, Dattatreya Bhilam, and Umaa Maheshwaram, as well as Kadalivanam and Palankasari, which hold immense religious and geographical significance. Many are accessible only by trekking, attracting adventure enthusiasts.
Chenchu Tribal Life: The reserve is home to the Chenchu, a particularly vulnerable tribal group. For photographers interested in human-interest stories, this offers a chance to capture their authentic way of life and culture, particularly visible near the Farahabad Zone. Their co-existence with tigers, sometimes even in core areas, is a unique aspect of conservation.
Planning Your Photographic Expedition
To maximize your chances of capturing stunning images and ensure a safe, enriching experience, consider these details:
Best Time to Visit
The reserve is open throughout the year. For optimal weather and wildlife sightings, aim for October to June, or more specifically, October to May when the weather is pleasant and wildlife is more visible as they gather at water sources. November to April is also highlighted for cool weather and better chances of spotting wildlife. If you want to witness dense, lush green forests, visit during the monsoon season.
Safaris & Access for Photographers
NSTR offers thrilling experiences through its well-managed safaris.
Jeep Safaris: These are among the most popular attractions. They typically operate from 7:00 AM to 5:00 PM daily. A trip usually lasts about 1.5 to 2-3 hours. The cost is around ₹800 per trip for up to 6 people, or between ₹800-₹1,500 for the entire jeep on the Andhra Pradesh side, and ₹600-₹1,200 on the Telangana side.
Safari Zones:
The Srisailam (Mallapur) Zone, with an entry point near Srisailam Dam, is considered best for tiger sightings. Here, you can also enjoy a boat safari along the Krishna River.
The Farahabad Zone (Telangana Side), near Achampet, is known for dense forest and good predator sightings, and also offers glimpses of Chenchu tribal huts and scenic viewpoints.
The Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, located near NSTR in Andhra Pradesh, specializes in the Great Indian Bustard habitat and hosts blackbucks, providing distinct photographic opportunities.
Important Restrictions: Private vehicles are generally not allowed for safaris. The number of vehicles allowed inside the reserve is limited, so it's essential to book your safari in advance. No vehicles are allowed within the sanctuary between 9:00 PM and 6:00 AM. These restrictions are in place because wild animals are extremely sensitive to human disturbance, and such activity in the Critical Tiger Habitat (core area) can adversely affect their behavior and habitat, especially with frequent movements of tigers, leopards, and sloth bears.
Guides: Trained forest guides accompany every safari jeep. They provide valuable insights into the flora and fauna, and help track animals. It is highly advisable to hire a local guide for a safe and enriching experience.
Online Booking: You can book safaris online through the NSTR booking portal.
Link for Safari Booking: https://nstr.co.in/booking/.
Other Jungle Rides/Safaris: Beyond the core safaris, NSTR offers other designated experiences like the Istakameswari (Nekkanti Jungle Ride) and Nallamala Jungle Safari at Thummalabailu. For the Nekkanti Jungle Ride, ticketed visitors should reach the counter at Shikharam before 9:00 AM on the journey day.
Accommodation & Logistics
For a truly immersive experience, consider staying within or near the reserve.
Types of Accommodation: Options range from forest lodges, eco-friendly lodges, and guesthouses to comfortable resorts and cottages.
Jungle Camps: NSTR offers three facilities for tourists to stay amidst the thick jungle: Bairluty Jungle Camp, Pacherla, and Rollapadu Jungle Camp.
Camp Inclusions: Stays at these jungle camps are inclusive of a complimentary wildlife safari. You'll also receive "mouth-watering and sumptuous food". Imagine waking up to the call of a White Rumped Shama or a puff-throated Babbler, and spending evenings by a bonfire, listening to owls and nightjars.
Location for Hotels: You can find hotels and stays near the reserve in Prakasam, Srisailam, Mannanur, Macherla, Nagarjunasagar, and Markapur [previous response].
Booking Tips: When choosing accommodation, look for hotels that offer convenient transportation for exploring the reserve, along with amenities like comfortable rooms, Wi-Fi access, on-site dining, and recreational facilities. Some hotels might also assist in arranging guided tours or safaris. It's advisable to compare prices and book in advance to secure the best deals.
Transportation:
Air: The nearest airport to NSTR is Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, approximately 203 kilometers away.
Train: The closest railway station is the Markapur Road Railway Station, located around 54 kilometers from the reserve.
Road: NSTR is well-connected by road from cities like Kurnool (190 km), Guntur (220 km), and Hyderabad. Regular buses operate from Srisailam [previous response].
Photography Ethics & Tips
Respect Wildlife: Always observe wildlife from a safe distance and avoid making loud noises. Do not try to touch or feed the animals.
Stay on Trails: Follow designated trails to preserve the natural habitat and minimize your environmental impact.
Gear: Carry sunscreen, insect repellent, comfortable clothing, and sturdy footwear for outdoor activities. Ensure your camera gear is protected from dust and moisture.
Be Prepared: Carry necessary medications and keep your mobile phone charged.
Your Role in Conservation
By visiting NSTR and engaging in eco-tourism, you directly contribute to vital conservation efforts. The reserve is a core part of Project Tiger, a significant initiative launched by the Government of India in 1973 to protect tigers and their crucial ecosystems. Your responsible travel helps promote environmental conservation and supports the well-being of local communities, including the Chenchu tribes, who are actively involved in protection and eco-tourism activities. The reserve management involves local tribes/communities in protection and other management activities.
A journey to Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve is more than just a vacation; it's an adventure that awakens a deeper appreciation for nature's wonders. So pack your gear, prepare your senses, and immerse yourself in the unparalleled beauty of India’s largest tiger reserve. The wild calls, and it’s waiting for your lens to capture its grandeur!
Important Links for Your Visit:
NSTR Booking Portal (Safaris & Camps): https://nstr.co.in/booking/
NSTR Info Guide: https://nstr.ap.gov.in/nstr-info-guide/
Wildlife Safaris Information: https://nstr.ap.gov.in/wildlife-safaris/
Flora & Fauna: https://nstr.ap.gov.in/flora-fauna-of-nstr/
Nekkanti Jungle Ride (Istakameswari): https://nstr.ap.gov.in/istakameswari-nekkanti-jungle-ride-srisailam/
Stay in Jungle Camps: https://nstr.ap.gov.in/stay-in-jungle-camps/
Contact Information for Forest Department (Public Relations Supervisor, Chief Conservator, DFOs): For inquiries and further details, you can refer to the contact numbers and emails provided on the NSTR website [previous response]. Example contacts: Public Relations Supervisor (8019309800), Chief Conservator of Forest & Field Director Project Tiger, Srisailam (9440810057, cffdptsrisailam@gmail.com).
(Please note: While I've provided links based on the sources, it's always a good practice to verify travel information and booking procedures directly with the reserve authorities before your visit, as details can change.)
The famous tiger stories
The Nagarjunsagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR) has been at the center of several notable tiger-related stories, encompassing both significant conservation successes and challenges.
Here are some of the famous tiger stories and key developments within NSTR:
The Rescue of Tigress T132F (July 2025): One of the most detailed and courageous stories involves the rescue of Tigress T132F in the Atmakur division of NSTR on July 6, 2025 [Conversation History, 318]. She was found with a metal snare tightly wrapped around her neck, causing a painful injury. Forest teams deployed over 90 camera traps and used thermal drones for meticulous daily and nighttime monitoring to track her movements. Live baits were strategically placed to facilitate her capture. On July 6, she was successfully darted and secured. Upon examination, it was discovered that the tigress had remarkably managed to remove the snare herself, although she had sustained a severe deep cut wound exposing her throat cavity, requiring urgent surgical intervention. Expert veterinary surgeons successfully performed the critical surgery, and the tigress is now recovering at an animal rescue center. This mission showcased dedicated teamwork, scientific methods, and the resilience of the wild cat.
Growing Tiger Population and Conservation Success: NSTR is widely recognized as the largest tiger reserve in India. The reserve has a compelling story of population recovery:
In 1979, a census revealed 40 tigers in the reserve, which increased to 94 by 1989.
By 2018, the population was recorded at 47 tigers, or estimated at 68 tigers.
The 2022 assessment identified 57 unique tigers within NSTR, with an estimated population of 63 tigers in Andhra Pradesh overall, and around 72 tigers when combined with the Amrabad Tiger Reserve landscape.
A 2022 wildlife census confirmed the presence of 75 tigers within NSTR's boundaries.
As per the 2023-24 census, NSTR witnessed a significant rise, doubling its tiger population to 87.
The Annual Report on Status of Tigers, Prey and Other Mammals-2024 indicates a further increase from 74 tigers in 2023 to 76 in 2024 (excluding 11 cubs), marking a 61.7% increase from 2018. Officials are optimistic that the population could surpass 100 by 2025.
This growth is attributed to strong protection networks, scientific monitoring methods (including the use of over 2,270 CCTV cameras for the 2024 census), community support, and successful efforts by the Tiger Conservation Foundation (TCF).
Territory Marking and Breeding Activity: A recent notable event (October 2024) involved a young male Royal Bengal tiger, estimated to be five years old, spotted marking its territory near a dam in the Naguluty Range. This behavior, crucial for establishing boundaries and attracting mates, indicates a thriving habitat. The area is now home to three tigers, and female tigers are expected to give birth following the recent breeding season, highlighting continued reproductive success.
Human-Wildlife Conflict and Mitigation Efforts: NSTR also faces the challenge of human-wildlife conflict, leading to significant stories:
Tiger sightings near human habitations in the Nallamala region have caused panic among locals.
A specific incident involved a tiger killing three cows in Pedda Anantapuram village, captured by trap cameras.
Forest officials are actively conducting awareness campaigns, monitoring the situation, and planning for safe trapping and relocation of problem animals to deeper forest areas.
Tragically, the death of two tigers trapped in snares in the last two years led foresters to intensify anti-snare operations within the reserve.
There are instances of tiger migration from NSTR's Atmakur and Markapuram divisions to Amrabad Tiger Reserve in Telangana. This movement also highlights the larger contiguous tiger habitat formed by NSTR and Amrabad.
Innovative Monitoring and Community Engagement: The NSTR management has a strong commitment to tiger conservation. They have documented all individual tigers using unique IDs, compiling pictures into an album that was unveiled by the Chief Minister and distributed to establish a constituency of supporters and aid monitoring. Community participation, including the inclusion of Chenchu tribals in special teams, is a key component of anti-poaching and forest management efforts.
NSTR's Role in the Eastern Ghats Landscape: NSTR hosts the largest tiger population in the Eastern Ghat landscape. The Tiger Conservation Foundation (TCF) actively works to facilitate the proliferation of big cats in this critical region.
In addition to tigers, NSTR is also recognized for hosting the largest leopard population among tiger reserves in India, with an estimated 360 leopards, according to the ‘EnviStats India-2024’ report, underscoring its overall ecological significance.
